The Physiological Effects on Some Traits of Osmopriming Germination of Maize (Zea mays L.), Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

To investigate the effects priming osmotic on seed germination of maize, two vessels SC 704, rice (Variety Neda) and cucumber (cultivar P.S), an experiment in a factorial design in randomized complete block with three replicates in the laboratory of Department of Agriculture, University vice of the city in 2011 was conducted. Treatments priming seed Soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) concentrations of 5 and 10 per cent, potassium nitrate (KNO3) with concentrations of 1 and 2 percent potassium chloride (KCl) concentrations of 2 and 4% and the duration of different plants, respectively (maize: 8, 16 and 24), (rice: 4, 8 and 12) and (cucumber: 6, 12 and 18) had time. Traits measured included primary root and shoot length, germination rate and percent, primary root and shoot fresh weight, primary root dry weight, primary root/primary shoot fresh and dry weight proportion (R/S), primary root/primary shoot lenght proportion (R/S), the normal and abnormal seedlings number were Vigor 1 and 2 index. Results showed that root and shoot length for seed maize, rice and cucumber under treatment duration and concentration of the Prime Osmopriming respectively by polyethylene glycol (PEG), chloride and potassium nitrate (KNO3 and KCl) concentrations of 5, 10, 2, 4 and 2 percent of the time 16, 8 and 12 hours respectively. The highest primary root/primary shoot lenght proportion (R/S) for seed maize, rice and cucumber treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) with concentrations of 5, 10 and 1% during the period of 24, 8 and 6 h was observed. The maximum primary root dry weight, primary root/primary shoot fresh weight proportion (R/S) for seed maize, cucumber and rice respectively by Prime Osmopriming nitrate and potassium chloride solution (KNO3 and KCl) concentrations 1, 2 and 4 percent in the period 24 , 8 and 6 hours was the result. More than how to primary root dry weight, primary root/primary shoot dry weight proportion (R/S) for rice and cucumber seeds, respectively, with the Prime solution of potassium nitrate (KNO3) concentration of 1 and 2 percent was achieved. The highest seed germination for maize, cucumber and rice under treatment duration and concentration of Osmopriming respectively by Prime soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium chloride (KCl) concentrations of 5, 2 and 4 percent during the time periods were 24 and 12 hours. The maximum percentage of germination for seeds of rice and cucumber, respectively, during the period of 4 and 6 h were achieved. While most of the seed maize and cucumber root fresh weight, respectively by the Prime Solution Osmopriming polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) with concentrations of 5 and 2 percent during the period 16, 24 and 18 hours respectively. Most of the seed rice Vigor a period of 8 hours was the minimum index Vigor 2 treatments and the concentration of Osmopriming term treatment with potassium chloride (KCl) concentration of 4% during the period of 12 hours was achieved. The best treatment for this research to plant maize, rice and cucumber respectively by Prime Solution Polyethylene glycol and potassium chloride concentrations of 5 and 4% better germination and seedling growth in Compared to other solutions have been proposed.