Nano-Biocatalysts for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater and Sustainability

Biochemical and Physicochemical technology in water and wastewater treatment engineering is essential in the field of water treatment. Water is the source of life. Almost 70% of an adult's weight is composed of water 20% of the loss of water is life threatening. In our daily lives, about 2500 mL of water would be discharged. through breathing, sweating, and other vital activities. Wastewater is rich in heavy metals from the electroplating industry. A microbial fuel cell is a technique for producing electricity while treating wastewater. Eliminating heavy metals and other pollutants from wastewater has grown to be a major global issue. To address this issue, numerous technologies have been developed. Because of the exceptional qualities that come with nanotechnology, heavy metals may now be removed from contaminated water. As a result, several Nanomaterials have been developed to address this issue. The current chapter focuses on innovative Nanomaterials, such as those based on carbon, zero-valet metals, metal-oxide bases, and nanocomposites, and how these can be used to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. The combined efforts of chemists, engineers, and material scientists are required to address these issues. In recent years, as Nanomaterials have gained popularity worldwide in the field of water and wastewater purification, nanotechnology, Biochemical and physic-chemical Technology have also brought modernity to the treatment of wastewater and water. This chapter mainly focuses on different ways to remove heavy metals, and the mechanisms responsible for their removal and environmental Sustainability.