Genetic Engineering in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.): Current Progress and Future Directions for Enhanced Crop Improvement

Genetic tools have revolutionized mustard improvement strategies, offering innovative avenues to enhance its agronomic traits and quality parameters. CRISPR technology, exemplified by research at the National Institute of Plant Genome Research in India, has enabled precise manipulation of glucosinolate levels in mustard plants, improving mustard oil quality. The Barnase-barstar gene system has facilitated the development of mustard hybrids, increasing yield and resilience. Additionally, Microsatellites have emerged as indispensable tools for understanding genetic relationships within mustard populations. These genetic tools hold promise for addressing agronomic challenges and meeting market demands in mustard cultivation. However, their deployment raises ethical, regulatory, and socio-economic considerations that require careful consideration. Responsible stewardship and transparent deployment of these technologies are essential to realize their full potential in enhancing mustard crops and ensuring a sustainable future for food production. In conclusion, genetic engineering offers exciting avenues for mustard improvement, with CRISPR, the Barnase-barstar gene system, and Microsatellites playing pivotal roles in enhancing crop quality, yield potential, and resilience. As mustard continues to play a crucial role in global agriculture and food security, the responsible utilization of these genetic tools holds promise for meeting the evolving needs of farmers and consumers worldwide. Furthermore, the paper briefly discusses the application of these genetic tools in enhancing Dhara Mustard, a popular variety in Indian agriculture, emphasizing its potential impact on addressing agricultural challenges and meeting consumer demands.