Investigating the Plankton Diversity and Physicochemical Properties in a Temple Pond in Tamil Nadu, India: Taxonomic Composition, Seasonal Variations, and Ecological Implications

The present study explores the dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Swetharanyeswarar temple pond located in the Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu, India. The study investigates species composition, diversity, and seasonal variations of these microscopic organisms, considering the ecological implications for the local food chain. Phytoplankton (Seven species), dominated by diatoms, cyanobacteria, and various other taxa, plays a fundamental role as primary producers, influencing nutrient cycling and climate patterns. The presence of Microcystis sp., associated with harmful algal blooms, emphasizes the need for monitoring and understanding its ecological implications. Zooplankton (13 species), including Rotifera, Copepods, and Calanoids, showcases a diverse community with distinct taxonomic members. The Rotifer community peaks in January, gradually declining, while Copepods exhibit notable diversity in April. Calanoids, represented by Macrocyclops albidus and Macrocyclops fuscus, display temporal fluctuations in diversity indices, indicating potential ecological changes influenced by environmental factors. The population of each zooplankton group is expressed as an average number of individuals per liter. Water quality parameters, crucial for understanding ecological dynamics, were meticulously measured in triplicates. Statistical analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel to process and present the data as percentages.

The study establishes a connection between zooplankton dynamics and physicochemical parameters, highlighting correlations with turbidity, pH, and organic pollution indicators, as per the methods of APHA. Monthly variations in zooplankton populations reveal dynamic ecological patterns influenced by temperature and organic matter. The species richness index reflects a well-balanced distribution within the planktonic community, suggesting a healthy and resilient ecosystem in the Swetharanyeswarar temple pond. Statistical analysis involves expressing the zooplankton population as an average number of individuals per liter and presenting water quality parameters as percentages using Microsoft Excel. These findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring to decipher long-term trends and implement targeted strategies for maintaining water quality and ecosystem health. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the intricate relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and environmental factors in a freshwater ecosystem, providing a foundation for informed fisheries management strategies and conservation efforts.