Research on the Effect of Irrigation Intervals on the Growth and Yield of Quinoa Crop and Its Components

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation intervals on growth, yield and its components and some of the chemical characteristics of the soil after the harvest of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) plant. Quinoa plant is considered from the species that are resistant to various stresses such as salinity, cold air, high solar radiation, low temperature and different pH in the soil .Three treatments were used as follow: T1 (twice irrigation every week, which is the common in the region), T2 (once irrigation every week) and T3 (once irrigation every two weeks) using in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The crop coefficient (Kc) value differed according to the stage of growth where the results showed that the T2 treatment gave the highest mean in all the studied traits followed by the T3 treatment in all traits except the number of seed/m2. The results also confirmed that the increase in water reduced the agronomic traits such as harvest index, number of seeds and yield of seeds and straw/m2. Also it showed that the pH values in soils were not significantly affected by irrigation, while Ec significantly affected. Correlation coefficient was negative with the most traits and low with the number of grain (0.34) under overall studied treatments which confirms that quinoa is a plant that needs limited amounts of irrigation water. On the other hand there was positive strong correlation between the harvest index and grain yield (0.92). The results showed that moisture stress treatments increased the concentration of the ionic, NH4-N and NO3-N significantly compared to soils which do not have moisture stress (T1, T2). We assume that the development based on Kc during growth-stages helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for quinoa plant. These results indicate that the water requirements of quinoa plant are limited and that quinoa plant growth is not affected by the lack of irrigation water on the crop and its qualities.