Rational of Invertebrates and Herbs Extracts for Protection and Management of Coronavirus (COVID 19)

A novel outbreak of coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome– coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] has caused a global coronavirus disease pandemic in 2019 (COVID-19), leading to tens of thousands of infections and thousands of deaths worldwide. Coronaviruses are implicated in illnesses of humans, vertebrates and invertebrates. There is currently no effective treatment for COVID-19. Due to the high rate of transmission between humans of this virus and its pandemics, it is necessary to determine the fundamentals of its replication, structure and pathogenicity for finding a way to special treatment or prevention. COVID-19 virus pathogenesis has not been fully grasped. The key point of the pathogenic effect of COVID-19virus is its effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptors that play a major role in virus entry into the cell causing ending lesions. ACE2 receptors present in many human cell types in many organs such as lungs, arteries, heart, kidneys, intestines, nervous system and skeletal muscles. From ancient times, antiviral agents extracted from natural herbal and invertebrate sources have been used to prevent and treat a number of viral infections including respiratory viral infections. COVID-19 management is believed to be based on two strategies; enhancement of the immunity to control viral replication or virulence and relieve associated symptoms. This review strengthens the use of natural extracts as valuable tools to develop new therapeutic drugs against COVID-19 (Fig.1).