Structured Pulmonary Rehabilitation in a Patient with Post Tuberculosis Bronchiectasis and Endobronchial Carcinoid

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) has the potential to harm the lungs over long-term owing to complication such as bronchiectasis. However, authors hereby reported a case of endobronchial carcinoid, for which there was a need for a tailored and planned physiotherapy intervention to address such a challenging condition. Loss of lung functions, a decline in exercise tolerance, and/or chronic respiratory symptoms due to TB-related interstitial and structural alterations have been identified as sequelae to pulmonary TB. A 52-year-old female presented with the chief complain of breathlessness of Grade 3 on the Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale, chest pain over left-side radiating to the neck, and cough with expectoration. She had loss of appetite and high-grade fever and was diagnosed with endobronchial carcinoid with upper and middle lobe consolidation with cystic bronchiectasis. The patient received pharmacological treatment with bronchodialators, mucolytics, antibiotics, and non-opoid analgesics. The goals of physiotherapeutic management included secretion removal, relieving dyspnea, providing relaxation, enhancing exercise capacity through impacts on aerobic capacity and, management of disease, and Quality of Life (QoL) improvement. The structured rehabilitation program was found to be effective at the end of eight weeks. Clinical improvement was observed in the patient but complete rehabilitation was not able to achieve due to the patient’s socioeconomic condition.