Evaluating Nanotechnology in raising the efficiency of some substances used in fertilizing wheat grown on sandy soil.

Nanotechnology has the potential to increase the efficiency and quality of agricultural production. So, This research work was carried out to assess the effect of some soil conditioners as the main factor at different rates as sub-main factor as well as foliar application of proline [without foliar (control), proline (80 mg L-1) ] as sub-sub main factor on the performance of wheat plants grown on sandy soil.

The main results of the current study can be summarized as follows;

1. Wheat plants treated with compost possessed the highest values of all growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments (at a period of 70 days from sowing), yield, its component, and grains quality (at harvest stage) under sandy soil conditions followed by that treated with agricultural gypsum than the plants treated with sugar lime mud, while the wheat plants untreated with any soil conditioner (control treatment) possessed the lowest values of all aforementioned traits.

2. Nano form was superior compared to the normal form with all studied soil amendments. Also, all aforementioned traits increased as the rate of Nano form increased with all studied soil amendments.

3. Regarding the foliar application, the proline treatment was superior compared to the control treatment (without foliar application).

4. The control treatment (without soil and foliar applications) led to raising the enzymatic antioxidants content in the straw of wheat plant at a period of 70 days from sowing, where the cultivation without any both soil conditioners and proline caused an increase in wheat self-production from these antioxidants to scavenge the ROS (or as named free radicals) resulting due to the poverty of sandy soil, thus increase of tolerance.

5. All studied soil conditioners either in normal form or Nano form as well as proline have a beneficial effect on reducing wheat plants' requirements from antioxidants self-production compared control treatments